This article demonstrates the way health practices feed and point to carceral transformations. We first discuss how health concerns are related to the modern prison. In the following part, we show that the neoliberal logic is already at play in prison. Finally, we demonstrate that the new public health movement participates in vitalizing the neoliberal logic in prison through three aspects: the instrumentalization of inmates as axis of health for underprivileged communities, the inclusion of health components in the actuarial management tools and, lastly, the changes in the caring relationship in prison.