The legal framework of the Swiss juvenile justice system changed little during the second half of the 20th century. Despite the evolution of its target populations and types of delinquent behaviors, the juvenile justice system is not really debated today in Switzerland. It still enjoys significant flexibility of action and authority. Two reforms are now underway: that of the criminal law concerning juvenile offenders, which is going to extend the length of imprisonment and to allow joint sentencing to both punishment and educational/corrective measures; and that of the procedural law, which is going to provoke a welcome unification in the rules of the juvenile justice system, which is currently strongly localized (“cantonalized”).